Exostosis

What is exostosis?

Exostosis is a benign formation of new bone tissue on the surface of a bone.


Exostosis of the foot and exostosis of the knee joint are two common cases. Surgical treatment is considered only if discomfort or risk of complications is detected.


Exostosis is also called osteochondrome or osteogenic exostosis. This is the most common benign bone tumor.

Distinguish between:

single or sporadic exostoses that appear in isolation;
multiple exostoses, which are the result of an exostosing disease or a disease of multiple exostoses.

Causes of exostosis

In most cases, the reason is still unclear. This may be a growth anomaly or may be related to an injury.

As for multiple exostoses, they are caused by a hereditary genetic disease. This disease is called multiple exostosis or Bessel-Hagen disease. It is a rare disease with a prevalence of one in 20,000 cases.

Localization of exostosis

This is especially common on the leg with knee exostosis and foot exostosis. The shoulders and wrists are also areas that are quite often affected. In more rare cases, exostosis can be found on the ribs, spine, shoulder blades, and pelvis.

Diagnosis of exostosis

The detection of exostosis may be accidental during a medical examination.

This benign tumor can also be suspected with certain symptoms. This formation can be seen using:

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which not only confirms the diagnosis, but also examines all possible complications.;
computed tomography, which can be used to make an accurate analysis of exostosis;
a genetic test for multiple exostosis.

Exostosis can occur mainly between the ages of 10 and 30 years. It can develop in both men and women, but men seem to be more likely to suffer.

Symptoms of exostosis

In most cases, exostosis is asymptomatic. There are no symptoms.
In some cases, swelling may occur.


In some cases, discomfort and pain may occur. Depending on the volume and location of the exostosis, it may also be the cause.:

growth disorders;
axial deformations;
compression at the vascular, nervous or medullary level;
bursitis;
fractures (rare);
degeneration into chondrosarcoma, a type of bone cancer.

Treatment of exostosis

Treatment is carried out in case of discomfort or complications. This is a surgical operation to remove a tumor.

Prevention of exostosis

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